LAMDL+1

__** 1AC **__

Federal sex education funding is conditioned upon states teaching abstinence-only-until-marriage-education, despite overwhelming evidence that AOUME programs are ineffective
Megan K. Donovan, ** Guttmacher **** Institute **, 3-30-** 2017 **, "The Looming Threat to Sex Education: A Resurgence of Federal Funding for Abstinence-Only Programs?," Guttmacher Institute, https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2017/03/looming-threat-sex-education-resurgence-federal-funding-abstinence-only-programs

Over the past two decades .... they do become sexually active

The vast majority of state-based sex education programs ignore science, do not require information about HIV or other STIs, and ignore the LGBTQ+ population

 * Tufts University School of Medicine ** 2-14-** 2014 **, "Biased Sex Education in the United States," No Publication, https://sites.tufts.edu/publichealth/2014/02/14/biased-sex-education-in-the-united-states/

Each state has its own .... I nstruction. If students discover

Thus, We Propose the Following Plan:
====The United States federal government should substantially increase its funding and regulation of elementary and secondary education by mandating and funding the National Sexuality Education Standards (NSES).====

K12 key – prevention efforts that focus on college-aged students are far too late to unlearn socialized understandings of consent.

 * Smith 16 **Tovia Smith, 8-9-2016, "To Prevent Sexual Assault, Schools And Parents Start Lessons Early," NPR.org, http://www.npr.org/2016/08/09/487497208/to-prevent-sexual-assault-schools-and-parents-start-lessons-early EP. Tovia Smith is an award-winning NPR News National Desk correspondent based in Boston.

If colleges are a hunting ... are actually exacerbating it.

3. Magnitude: millions

 * Vagianos 17 ** [Alanna: Women's Editor at HuffPost, “30 Alarming Statistics That Show The Reality Of Sexual Violence In America,” April 6, 2017, HuffingtonPost, [|http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sexual-assault-statistics_us_58e24c14e4b0c777f788d24f //] emb].

Every 98 seconds someone ... U.S. in 2008 alone.

Poverty, teen pregnancy, and AOUME are clearly linked – intervention is necessary to provide alternative opportunities for low-income students

 * Kempner 12 ** [Martha: writer, consultant, and sexual health expert, former Vice President for Information and Communications at SIECUS, “Teen Birth Rates on the Decline: Using Logic and Data to Figure Out Why,” //Rewire//, April 20, 2012 [] // emb]

For years there has been a ... opportunity what are they protecting

Poverty intersects with other identities – generates significant disparities in health and exacerbates rampant inequalities

 * Schalet et al, ** 08-09-** 2014 ** (Amy T. Schalet is anassociate Professor of Sociology at the University of Massachusetts, John S. Santelli is a Professor of Population and Family Health at the Columbia University, Stephen T. Russell Ph.D., Carolyn T. Halpern PhD, Sarah A. Miller, Sarah S. Pickering, Shoshana K. Goldberg, Jennifer M. Hoenig, “Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2014, Volume 43, Issue 10, pp. 1595–1610) //PH

Poverty intersects with individual... obstacle to socioeconomic achievement

Current sex education relies on gendered social scripts

 * Fields 08 **** – ** Professor of Sociology and Graduate Studies Coordinator in Sexuality Studies and Research Faculty at the Center for Research and Education on Gender and Sexuality ( Jessica Fields, “Risky Lessons: Sex Education and Social Inequality,” Rutgers University Press, 2008. EP.)//SH

Sexual subjectivity is fundamental to...experience their sexual lives

Heteronormativity causes depression, drug use, suicide and low GPA’s among LGBTQ+ students

 * Elia and Eliason **** ’ **** 10 ** (John P. Elia, Mickey J. Eliason, Department of Health Education @ San Francisco State University, 2010, “Dangerous Omissions: Abstinence-Only-Until Marriage School-Based Sexuality Education and the Betrayal of LGBTQ Youth”, American Journal of Sexuality Education, 5:17, Routledge) //Isaac-

The risk factors cannot be ... creative, inquisitive, or adaptive.

*US public sex education mutes non-heterosexual students

 * Fields 08 **** – ** Professor of Sociology and Graduate Studies Coordinator in Sexuality Studies and Research Faculty at the Center for Research and Education on Gender and Sexuality ( Jessica Fields, “Risky Lessons: Sex Education and Social Inequality,” Rutgers University Press, 2008. EP.)//SH

constrain and shape students ... to being normal and natural.

US sex education has reinforced hegemonic forms of heteronormativity and racism
[|Elia and Tokunaga, 2015 [] [|John P. Elia], [|Jessica Tokunaga] , (2015) "Sexuality education: implications for health, equity, and social justice in the United States", Health Education, Vol. 115 Issue: 1, pp.105-120, []. SPS]

The various sexual health... of any sexual identity

Current sex ed promotes disempowerment, stigmatization, internal shame, risk taking behaviors, and rape culture
Rachel Sanoff; 2015 ; Rachel Sanoff is a regular contributor to Bustle and an editor at HelloGiggles. Rachel's articles frequently discuss sexual health, reproductive rights, consent activism, and dating/relationships. Received BA in English + Labor Studies from UCLA; Bustle; “7 Problems With The State Of Sex Ed In America Today, And How We Can Make It Better;” August 27 th, 2015; [] //EK

only 22 states mandate sex education ... disempowerment, and rape culture

Plan sets seven minimum standards for K-12 sexuality education
Bechhofer et. al. 20 11, Laurie Bechhofer, MPH is an HIV/STD Education Consultant at the Michigan Department of Education, Nora Gelperin, Med is the Director of Training, Eva Goldfarb, PhD, LHD (hon) is a Professor at Montclair State University, Mal Goldsmith, PhD, MCHES, FASHA, FAAHE is a Professor Emeritus at Southern Illinois University, Debra Hauser, MPH is the Executive Vice President for the Advocates for Youth, Nora L. Howley, MA is the Manager of Programs for the National Education Association Health Information department, Barbara Huberman, RN, BSN, Med is the Director of Education and Outreach for the Advocates for Youth, Leslie M. Kantor, MPH is the Director of National Education Initiatives for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Kyle Lafferty, MPH, MST, CHES is the HIV Program Director for The Society of State Leaders of Health and Physical, Robert McGarry, EdD is the Director of Training and Curriculum Development for the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN), Linda Moore is the Acting Executive Director for the American Association for Health Education, Linda Morse, RN, NJ-CSN, MA, CHES is the President Elect for the American School Health Association, Buzz Pruitt, EdD is a Professor for Texas A&M University, Monica Rodriguez, MS is the President & CEO for Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United, Deborah Roffman, MS, CSE is the Sexuality Educator and Consultant for The Park School of Baltimore, Elizabeth Schroeder, EdD, MSW is the Executive Director, Jennifer Heitel Yakush is the Director of Public Policy for the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United, Danene Sorace, MPP is a Consultant for the Future of Sex Education Initiative, (“National Sexuality Education Standards” Future of Sex Education 2011 [|http://www.futureofsexeducation.org/documents/josh-fose-standards-web.pdf)//] NBC

There are seven topics chosen... environments for all students

Federally mandated curriculum standards are key
Boysen 17 Alison Boysen, 2-7-2017, "Finding a middle ground, sexual education in public schools," Iowa State Daily, http://www.iowastatedaily.com/news/student_life/article_069e795e-ed4e-11e6-bde3-fbd9fbac0f6b.html EP.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">There’s not a one curriculum... how their bodies work

Preventing teen pregnancy is fundamental to increasing the prospect of upward mobility for low-income girls – data supports it
Hymowitz 12 [Kay S.: William E. Simon Fellow at the Manhattan Institute and a contributing editor of City Journal. She writes extensively on childhood, family issues, poverty, and cultural change in America. “Poor girls aren't condemned to pregnancy, poverty,” CNN, May 25, 2012, [|http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/24/opinion/hymowitz-teen-pregnancy-poverty/index.html //] emb]

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Kearney and Levine poke this... they have a baby or not.

You should prioritize structural forms of violence in your impact calculus
DWiveldi 14’ Shishir Dwivedi September 24, 2014 (Shishir is a JAVA programmer. Sights Dr. Paul Farmer who is an American anthropologist and physician who is best known for his humanitarian work providing suitable health care to rural and under-resourced areas in developing countries, beginning in Haiti. “What is structural violence, and how does it impact your life?” URL: https://www.quora.com/What-is-structural-violence-and-how-does-it-impact-your-life)

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Structural violence refers to systematic...higher than other developed nations?