South+East+ENMA

=Scwifty PIK=

Counter Advocacy: It’s time to get Schwifty, and Ditch the 1AC’s Reality.
====The 1AC is the SQ – Desire for a false Utopia that can never exist. The ROJ is to step inside the shoes of Rick Sanchez – and understand that life is meaningless – the only thing left is to change the channel====
 * Odyssey ** Follow, 5-1-20** 17 **, “The Philosophy of Rick and Morty,” Odyssey, https:www.theodysseyonline.com/philosophy-rick-morty

"Rick and Morty"  is... Now come watch TV.”

=Trump Base DA=

Trump’s base has his back – special elections prove
Debenedetti 6/21. Gabriel, political reporter for POLITICO, 6-21-2017, "7 lessons from the 2017 elections," POLITICO, http://www.politico.com/story/2017/06/21/georgia-special-election-handel-ossoff-239788 //saenl//

The GOP base is... //and they’re 0-4.”

The plan __alienates__ the base – they empirically rally against federal involvement in K-12 education
Klein 4/26. Rebecca, Rebecca Klein is the education reporter for HuffPost, focusing on K-12 issues, "Trump's New Order Says He Wants Local Control Of Schools, But Doesn't Do Much Else," HuffPost, [] //dgd

President Donald Trump issued... would work to erase them.

Breaking campaign promises __decimates__ legitimacy with his base
Walsh 1/20. PhD candidate in political science at Rutgers University, and a veteran of the U.S. Marine Corps (David Hunter Walsh, “Yes, Trump will face a backlash if he doesn’t deliver on his promises,” https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/01/20/yes-trump-will-face-a-backlash-if-he-doesnt-deliver-on-his-promises/?utm_term=.250bb333ed24

President-elect Donald Trump... for having made them.

Trump will engage in a diversionary war to rally the base – few checks and many likely scenarios for conflict
Power 4/7. Jonathan, 4-7-2017, a foreign affairs columnist for the International Herald Tribune, writer for the IDN-INPS, "Trump has Cards Up his Sleeves to Avoid Impeachment," Global Geopolitics & Political Economy Net, [] //saenl

Some of the “best”... Perhaps war with North Korea.

=States CP=

The counterplan solves __better__ than the plan. States __alone__ promote innovation and accountability---the perm’s __overlapping__ mandates fail.
Chopin, Labor & Employment Law Department Associate, 13 [Lindsey H., Loyola Law Review, “Untangling Public School Governance: A Proposal To End Meaningless Federal Reform And Streamline Control In State Education Agencies”, [], p. 442-447, 7/10/17, KW]

In abandoning the current system... chance to do exactly that.

=Neolib K=

====Reformist approaches like the plan refurbish neoliberal institutions and sap energy from growing radical movements --- the impact is creeping authoritarianism that promises planetary destruction and human extinction --- the alternative is to reject the aff and engage in a politics of refusal that is a prerequisite to bottom up movements.====

Giroux 17 [Henry A. Giroux, professor in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University in Canada, “Henry A. Giroux on Militant Hope in the Age of Trump,” //Tikkun,// Jan 18, 2017, http://www.tikkun.org/nextgen/henry-giroux-on-militant-hope-in-the-age-of-trump]

Crucial to rethinking the space... But time is running out <span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 8pt;">.

====The alternative refuses neoliberal recovery in favor of developing collective anti-capitalist pedagogies --- only delinking education reform from capitalism cultivates revolutionary subjects capable of radical structural change====


 * Slater 15** [Graham Slater, Department of Education, Culture, and Society, University of Utah, “Education as recovery: neoliberalism, school reform, and the politics of crisis,” //Journal of Education Policy//, Volume 30, 2015 - Issue 1]

<span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 8pt;">The neoliberal logic of... fundamentally anti-capitalist terms <span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 11pt;">.

=T - Pre-Existing=

A. Interpretation – “Increase” means to make greater and requires pre-existing policy
Buckley ‘6 [Jeremiah, Attorney, Amicus Curiae Brief, Safeco Ins. Co. of America et al v. Charles Burr et al, http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/briefs/06-84/06-84.mer.ami.mica.pdf]

<span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 8pt;">First, the court said... <span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 11pt;">an already-existing policy.

Interpretation: Increase requires s pecification
increase, v. 3. To become greater in some //specified// quality or respect; to grow or advance in.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Garamond,serif;">OED, 89 **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Garamond,serif;">(Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Online through Emory)

Funding = money made available for a purpose
Edwards, Richard E. Baylor University. The Forensic Quarterly Vol. 91, No. 2, 2017, "91st Annual Discussion and Debate Source Book, 2017-18 High School Resolution, Pages 48-54, MoStateCEW. FUNDING Dictionary definitions of "funding" ... (Ed by an organization for a particular purpose" (Bullon, 2005, p. 855).

T – “Regulation”

 * A. Interpretation: ‘Federal regulation of education’ requires expanding federal control over non-federal entities. **
 * 1. Regulation is a restriction or mandate. **
 * Shapiro ’80 ** <span style="color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;; font-size: 10.5pt;">(Martin Shapiro has taught at Harvard and Stanford Universities and at UC Berkeley. He received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Law and Courts section of the American Political Science Association. "Federal Regulation of Education," ERIC Number: ED194997, July, 1980, <span style="color: #0088cc; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;; font-size: 10.5pt; text-decoration: none;">[]

Without for a moment ... //federal regulation of the education industry//.


 * 2. Education is the collection of state programs and local decisions. **
 * FindLaw ‘17 **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;; font-size: 10.5pt;"> (FindLaw, "The Roles of Federal and State Governments in Education," <span style="color: #0088cc; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;; font-size: 10.5pt; text-decoration: none;">[] <span style="color: #333333; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;; font-size: 10.5pt;"> KVA

When it comes to ... district adopts these practices.

** The core controversy of the topic is answering who should control education policy - **
=**Federalism DA**=

Trump has __revitalized federalism__ — state control of __education policy__ is key.
Roberts 17 — Kevin D. Roberts, Ph.D., a longtime educator who is Executive Vice President of the Texas Public Policy Foundation in Austin, 2017 (“States, Not the Feds, Should Lead Education Reform,” //Real Clear Education//, February 7th, Available Online at [|http://www.realcleareducation.com/articles/2017/02/07/states_not_the_feds_should_lead_ education_reform__110115.html], Accessed 06-22-2017) The __era of__ Donald __Trump offers ...__ __//not the feds, would lead—hangs in the balance.//__

Federal action on education __upsets__ the overall balance of federalism.
Lawson 13 – Aaron Lawson, Associate at Edelson PC where his practice focuses on appeals and complex motion practice, J.D. from UMich, Educational Federalism: A New Case for Reduced Federal Involvement in K-12 Education, Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal, Article 5, Volume 2013, Issue 2, Published in the summer of 2013, http://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1333&context=elj Every state constitution, in contrast ... This Comment argues that it is not.

Federalism is key to solve climate change - utilities prove that federalism is necessary for flexible regulations
Boyd & Carlson 16 (William Boyd Is a Professor and John H. Schultz Energy Law Fellow at the University of Colorado Law School; Ann E. Carlson is a Professor of Environmental Law at UCLA and Faculty Co-Director, Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment “Accidents of Federalism: Ratemaking and Policy Innovation in Public Utility Law,” UCLA Law Review, Vol. 63, []) Our attention to the innovation ... must be front and center in that effort.

Climate change is a system disruptor and risk amplifier--only mitigation prevents biodiversity loss, ecosystem collapse, resource wars, and extreme weather events.
IPCC 15 (The Core Writing Team Synthesis Report IPCC “Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report”, First published 2015, IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report.” Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151, http://epic.awi.de/37530/1/IPCC_AR5_SYR_Final.pdf) SPM 2.3 Future risks and impacts caused by a changing climate Climate change will //amplify existing risks// ... as poverty and economic shocks (medium confidence). {2.3.2}

=** CAP K 1NC --- Anti-Blackness **=

==== Their analysis of antiblackness as a nebulous extension of colonialism obscures the underlying structure of capitalism – that PRECLUDES RESISTANCE TO CAPITALISM and fractures resistance – we control the root cause and the alts a prerequisite ==== ** San Juan Jr., ‘5 ** - Professor Emeritus of English/Comparative Literature/Ethnic Studies at the University of Conneticut ( Epifanio, “From Race to Class Struggle: Marxism and Critical Race Theory,” //Nature, Society and Thought//, v18, iss . 3, Proquest) From racism to class struggle ... requisite precondition for ending racism.

=**CAP K 1NC --- Bio Power**=

Biopower is a symptom of capitalism’s control of subjectivity – the authoritative valuation of life within biopolitical systems emerges from the dominance of capital
McGowan teaches theory and film at the University of Vermont, 20 13 (Todd, Discourse Volume 35, Number 1, Winter 2013 “The Capitalist Gaze” project muse; accessed 7/20/15)//JH@DDI// //The emergence of biopower ... identical to the structure of natural life.//

//The emergence of biopower and ... that naturalizes suffering and death. // // McLaren, 4 University of California, “Class Dismissed? Historical materialism and the politics of ‘difference’,” Educational Philosophy and Theory,Vol. 36, No. 2, 2004, Vitz// // Yet we stubbornly believe ... refers to as ‘ //capitalist universality// .’

Our alternative is revolutionary socialist humanism grounded in historical materialism—unrelenting critique is key to unified resistance
McLaren, 4 University of California, “Class Dismissed? Historical materialism and the politics of ‘difference’,” Educational Philosophy and Theory,Vol. 36, No. 2, 2004, Vitz These are the concrete realities ... committed by capitalist's barbaric machinations.

=Framework= ====Interpretation – The aff must be responsible for defending the desirability of topical and hypothetical government action – winning the USFG should increase its regulation and/or funding for education will __always__ be a sufficient condition for voting negative==== Jon M Ericson 3, Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4 The Proposition of Policy: ... perform the future action that you propose.

Establishing a policy requires enacting new laws
David Schultz 5, professor in the Hamline University Department of Political Science, 2005, Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court, p. 8-9 The Constitution established three ... law to regulate those agencies.

====Vote negative for __predictable limits__ – allowing the aff to skirt a predictable starting point in this debate obviates neg preparation and research and makes neg engagement impossible. Not being tied to a particular plan text means that the aff can __shift their advocacy__ – this destroys clash. Abdicating debates about the resolution destroys all debate because minimal topic relevance can’t ensure effective clash==== Steinberg and Freeley 13, David, Lecturer in Communication studies and rhetoric, advisor to Miami Urban Debate League, Director of Debate at U Miami, former President of CEDA, and Austin, attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, JD, Suffolk University, //Argumentation and Debate:Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making//, 121-4 Debate is a means ... will be outlined in the following discussion.

====Sticking to the resolution is critical to allow the neg to refute the aff in an in-depth fashion – this process of negation teaches us to improve our arguments in response to our opponents’ arguments. This process does __not__ proscribe particular styles or forms of argument, but __does__ require a common point of disagreement around which arguments can be organized.====

Ralf Poscher 16, director of the Institute for Staatswissenschaft & Philosophy of Law, Professor of Public Law and Legal Philosophy, “Why We Argue About the Law: An Agonistic Account of Legal Disagreement,” in //Metaphilosophy of Law//, ed. Gizbert-Studnicki, Dyrda, Banas, 2/19/16, SSRN

Hegel’s dialectical thinking powerfully ... engage in an intelligible controversy.

The mindset of utility reduces everything to its relation to production and reinvestment
Georges Bataille, not very lucid, 19 33 , “La notion dépense” //La Critique sociale.// éditions lignes. HHurt.

Every time the meaning ... of productive social activity.

====The educational apparatus functions according to the desire for utility and knowledge, or virtue economy. This process creates a complete universalization of all bodies according to a system of calculability. This process assumes that knowledge itself must exist within the realm of the encodable, the possible. Our argument is that this very desire for “utility” in education destroys the possibility for knowledge to exist beyond spatiality – into the realm of the unknown. We say that this form of politics is cowardice in that it observes the shore of the ocean but doesn’t dare to take the dive, thereby destroying the ability to achieve the “extreme limit” of life itself. The impact to this is the reduction of life to nothing but a cog in the western machine of values and productivity.====

Lerman’15 – Lindsay Lerman – University of Guelph Philosophy Department, Graduate Student. Studies Epistemology, Georges Bataille – “Georges Bataille’s “Nonknowledge” as Epistemic Expenditure: An Open Economy of Knowledge” pg 5-16 KZaidi

We will focus on ... of philosophy-as-work.

The liberal understanding of limitations to excess paves the way for the indoctrination of a system of liberal phallicized whiteness
Winnubst 6 [Shannon Winnubst, //Queering Freedom//, Indiana University Press//ASherm]

Cultures of phallicized whiteness ... and which differences matter.

====Nonknowledge is the wasteful expenditure of thought – it is thought-play rather than thought-work. This expenditure is un-recoverable, wasted through self-destruction in opposition to a general economic approach to life as scarce as opposed to abundant.====

Lerman 15, Lindsay, PhD in philosophy from the University of Gough, studies Bataille and Epistemology, (“Georges Bataille's "Nonknowledge" as Epistemic Expenditure: An Open Economy of Knowledge,” 8/04/15)//jh

Chapter 3: Nonknowledge is Epistemic Expenditure ... soon-to-be-recovered personal gain.

=T - Courts=

A) Interpretation: Regulation can only be done by the executive or Congress
Ellig, 10 (Dr. Jerry Ellig, Senior Research Fellow at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University and a former assistant professor of economics at George Mason University, specializes in the federal regulatory process, economic regulation, and telecommunications regulation, “The Future of Regulation,” 2010, http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/ppr/vol3/iss1/7/,” AG)

__Many times in casual conversation ...__ __an independent regulatory agency.__

“Funding” must be done by Congress.
Saturno et. al, 16 - * Specialist on congress and Legislative Process, **Analyst on Congress and the Legislative Process,**Specialist on Congress and the Legislative Process(*James V. Saturno, **Bill Heniff, ***Megan S., “The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction”, Congressional Research Service, 30 November 2016, [] )

Congress annually considers several ... and net interest on the public debt.

=T - Education=

A. Interpretation: “Education” is limited to __only__ formal instruction in schools---expanding beyond that makes __any experience__ topical
Kumar 17 – Satish Kumar, Deputy Dean at the University Information Centre, et al., “MEANING, AIMS AND PROCESS OF EDUCATION”, https://sol.du.ac.in/mod/book/view.php?id=1448&chapterid=1321 Narrower and Broader Meaning of Education Education in the Narrower Sense In its // narrow sense ... //// process of growth // environment.