Bravo+Medical+Magnet+HePi+AFF

__** //Feel free to email javierh319@gmail.com with any questions/pics of cute puppies// **__

__** Sex Ed V1 **__ __** 1AC **__

Federal sex education funding is conditioned upon states teaching abstinence-only-until-marriage-education, despite overwhelming evidence that AOUME programs are ineffective
Megan K. Donovan, ** Guttmacher **** Institute **, 3-30-** 2017 **, "The Looming Threat to Sex Education: A Resurgence of Federal Funding for Abstinence-Only Programs?," Guttmacher Institute, https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2017/03/looming-threat-sex-education-resurgence-federal-funding-abstinence-only-programs

Over the past two decades .... they do become sexually active

The vast majority of state-based sex education programs ignore science, do not require information about HIV or other STIs, and ignore the LGBTQ+ population

 * Tufts University School of Medicine ** 2-14-** 2014 **, "Biased Sex Education in the United States," No Publication, https://sites.tufts.edu/publichealth/2014/02/14/biased-sex-education-in-the-united-states/

Each state has its own .... I nstruction. If students discover

Thus, We Propose the Following Plan:
====The United States federal government should substantially increase its funding and regulation of elementary and secondary education by mandating and funding the National Sexuality Education Standards (NSES).====

K12 key – prevention efforts that focus on college-aged students are far too late to unlearn socialized understandings of consent.

 * Smith 16 **Tovia Smith, 8-9-2016, "To Prevent Sexual Assault, Schools And Parents Start Lessons Early," NPR.org, http://www.npr.org/2016/08/09/487497208/to-prevent-sexual-assault-schools-and-parents-start-lessons-early EP. Tovia Smith is an award-winning NPR News National Desk correspondent based in Boston.

If colleges are a hunting ... are actually exacerbating it.

3. Magnitude: millions

 * Vagianos 17 ** [Alanna: Women's Editor at HuffPost, “30 Alarming Statistics That Show The Reality Of Sexual Violence In America,” April 6, 2017, HuffingtonPost, [|http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sexual-assault-statistics_us_58e24c14e4b0c777f788d24f //] emb].

Every 98 seconds someone ... U.S. in 2008 alone.

Poverty, teen pregnancy, and AOUME are clearly linked – intervention is necessary to provide alternative opportunities for low-income students

 * Kempner 12 ** [Martha: writer, consultant, and sexual health expert, former Vice President for Information and Communications at SIECUS, “Teen Birth Rates on the Decline: Using Logic and Data to Figure Out Why,” //Rewire//, April 20, 2012 [] // emb]

For years there has been a ... opportunity what are they protecting

Poverty intersects with other identities – generates significant disparities in health and exacerbates rampant inequalities

 * Schalet et al, ** 08-09-** 2014 ** (Amy T. Schalet is anassociate Professor of Sociology at the University of Massachusetts, John S. Santelli is a Professor of Population and Family Health at the Columbia University, Stephen T. Russell Ph.D., Carolyn T. Halpern PhD, Sarah A. Miller, Sarah S. Pickering, Shoshana K. Goldberg, Jennifer M. Hoenig, “Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2014, Volume 43, Issue 10, pp. 1595–1610) //PH

Poverty intersects with individual... obstacle to socioeconomic achievement

Current sex education relies on gendered social scripts

 * Fields 08 **** – ** Professor of Sociology and Graduate Studies Coordinator in Sexuality Studies and Research Faculty at the Center for Research and Education on Gender and Sexuality ( Jessica Fields, “Risky Lessons: Sex Education and Social Inequality,” Rutgers University Press, 2008. EP.)//SH

Sexual subjectivity is fundamental to...experience their sexual lives

Heteronormativity causes depression, drug use, suicide and low GPA’s among LGBTQ+ students

 * Elia and Eliason **** ’ **** 10 ** (John P. Elia, Mickey J. Eliason, Department of Health Education @ San Francisco State University, 2010, “Dangerous Omissions: Abstinence-Only-Until Marriage School-Based Sexuality Education and the Betrayal of LGBTQ Youth”, American Journal of Sexuality Education, 5:17, Routledge) //Isaac-

The risk factors cannot be ... creative, inquisitive, or adaptive.

*US public sex education mutes non-heterosexual students

 * Fields 08 **** – ** Professor of Sociology and Graduate Studies Coordinator in Sexuality Studies and Research Faculty at the Center for Research and Education on Gender and Sexuality ( Jessica Fields, “Risky Lessons: Sex Education and Social Inequality,” Rutgers University Press, 2008. EP.)//SH

constrain and shape students ... to being normal and natural.

US sex education has reinforced hegemonic forms of heteronormativity and racism
[|Elia and Tokunaga, 2015 [] [|John P. Elia], [|Jessica Tokunaga], (2015) "Sexuality education: implications for health, equity, and social justice in the United States", Health Education, Vol. 115 Issue: 1, pp.105-120, []. SPS]

The various sexual health... of any sexual identity

Current sex ed promotes disempowerment, stigmatization, internal shame, risk taking behaviors, and rape culture
Rachel Sanoff; 2015 ; Rachel Sanoff is a regular contributor to Bustle and an editor at HelloGiggles. Rachel's articles frequently discuss sexual health, reproductive rights, consent activism, and dating/relationships. Received BA in English + Labor Studies from UCLA; Bustle; “7 Problems With The State Of Sex Ed In America Today, And How We Can Make It Better;” August 27 th, 2015; [] //EK

only 22 states mandate sex education ... disempowerment, and rape culture

Plan sets seven minimum standards for K-12 sexuality education
Bechhofer et. al. 20 11, Laurie Bechhofer, MPH is an HIV/STD Education Consultant at the Michigan Department of Education, Nora Gelperin, Med is the Director of Training, Eva Goldfarb, PhD, LHD (hon) is a Professor at Montclair State University, Mal Goldsmith, PhD, MCHES, FASHA, FAAHE is a Professor Emeritus at Southern Illinois University, Debra Hauser, MPH is the Executive Vice President for the Advocates for Youth, Nora L. Howley, MA is the Manager of Programs for the National Education Association Health Information department, Barbara Huberman, RN, BSN, Med is the Director of Education and Outreach for the Advocates for Youth, Leslie M. Kantor, MPH is the Director of National Education Initiatives for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Kyle Lafferty, MPH, MST, CHES is the HIV Program Director for The Society of State Leaders of Health and Physical, Robert McGarry, EdD is the Director of Training and Curriculum Development for the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN), Linda Moore is the Acting Executive Director for the American Association for Health Education, Linda Morse, RN, NJ-CSN, MA, CHES is the President Elect for the American School Health Association, Buzz Pruitt, EdD is a Professor for Texas A&M University, Monica Rodriguez, MS is the President & CEO for Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United, Deborah Roffman, MS, CSE is the Sexuality Educator and Consultant for The Park School of Baltimore, Elizabeth Schroeder, EdD, MSW is the Executive Director, Jennifer Heitel Yakush is the Director of Public Policy for the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United, Danene Sorace, MPP is a Consultant for the Future of Sex Education Initiative, (“National Sexuality Education Standards” Future of Sex Education 2011 [|http://www.futureofsexeducation.org/documents/josh-fose-standards-web.pdf)//] NBC

There are seven topics chosen... environments for all students

Federally mandated curriculum standards are key
Boysen 17 Alison Boysen, 2-7-2017, "Finding a middle ground, sexual education in public schools," Iowa State Daily, http://www.iowastatedaily.com/news/student_life/article_069e795e-ed4e-11e6-bde3-fbd9fbac0f6b.html EP.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">There’s not a one curriculum... how their bodies work

Preventing teen pregnancy is fundamental to increasing the prospect of upward mobility for low-income girls – data supports it
Hymowitz 12 [Kay S.: William E. Simon Fellow at the Manhattan Institute and a contributing editor of City Journal. She writes extensively on childhood, family issues, poverty, and cultural change in America. “Poor girls aren't condemned to pregnancy, poverty,” CNN, May 25, 2012, [|http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/24/opinion/hymowitz-teen-pregnancy-poverty/index.html //] emb]

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Kearney and Levine poke this... they have a baby or not.

You should prioritize structural forms of violence in your impact calculus
DWiveldi 14’ Shishir Dwivedi September 24, 2014 (Shishir is a JAVA programmer. Sights Dr. Paul Farmer who is an American anthropologist and physician who is best known for his humanitarian work providing suitable health care to rural and under-resourced areas in developing countries, beginning in Haiti. “What is structural violence, and how does it impact your life?” URL: https://www.quora.com/What-is-structural-violence-and-how-does-it-impact-your-life)

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Structural violence refers to systematic...higher than other developed nations?

= Sex Ed V2 =

=1AC=

Federal sex education funding is conditioned upon states teaching abstinence-only-until-marriage-education, despite overwhelming evidence that AOUME programs are ineffective
Megan K. Donovan, Guttmacher Institute, 3-30-2017, "The Looming Threat to Sex Education: A Resurgence of Federal Funding for Abstinence-Only Programs?," Guttmacher Institute, https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2017/03/looming-threat-sex-education-resurgence-federal-funding-abstinence-only-programs Over the past two decades, the United States has spent approximately $2 billion AND age-appropriate curricula that include information about both abstinence and contraception.18

The vast majority of state-based sex education programs ignore science, do not require information about HIV or other STIs, and ignore the LGBTQ+ population
Tufts University School of Medicine 2-14-2014, "Biased Sex Education in the United States," No Publication, https://sites.tufts.edu/publichealth/2014/02/14/biased-sex-education-in-the-united-states/ Each state has its own policies about sex education in schools. Although the American AND information also sets a dangerous precedent for future health instruction. If students discover

Thus, We Propose the Following Plan:
====The United States federal government should substantially increase its funding and regulation of elementary and secondary education by mandating and funding the National Sexuality Education Standards (NSES).====

K12 key – prevention efforts that focus on college-aged students are far too late to unlearn socialized understandings of consent.
Smith 16 Tovia Smith, 8-9-2016, "To Prevent Sexual Assault, Schools And Parents Start Lessons Early," NPR.org, http://www.npr.org/2016/08/09/487497208/to-prevent-sexual-assault-schools-and-parents-start-lessons-early EP. Tovia Smith is an award-winning NPR News National Desk correspondent based in Boston.

If colleges are a hunting ground, as they've been called, for sexual predators, advocates say that high schools are the breeding ground — and that any solution must start there. They say efforts at college are too little, too late. The push for earlier intervention is coming from a wide range of voices, including student survivors, law enforcement officials — and New England Patriots owner Bob Kraft. "I have a couple granddaughters in college, and, y'know, I'm just thinking, holy mackerel — let's get to the root of it," Kraft told an audience of hundreds of high school students and teachers at Gillette Stadium in Massachusetts. With a half-million dollars — and his team's star power — Kraft has teamed up with Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey to launch Game Change: The Patriots Anti-Violence Partnership. In its first year, some 90 Massachusetts high schools have been trained to run a dating violence prevention program called Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP). "It's about respect and listening," Kraft said in his speech. "We have to make this cool." Many students were starstruck by Kraft and the big-name players who were helping to boost the program. "You talk about cool, yeah, that's as cool as it gets," gushed Danny Ryan, a junior at Lincoln Sudbury High School. MVP teaches teens about healthy relationships, how to spot risky ones, and how to intervene to help another student out of a jam. Recent Lincoln Sudbury grad Otto Zaccardo says the training has already enabled him to do that for a friend. "That could have been the next situation," he says. "But it was stopped and taken care of ... and, in her words, changed this young woman's life and just made all the difference." Getting Started Early High-profile cases of sexual assault — from elite prep schools to public middle and high schools — have underscored the problem in younger grades. Close to 100 elementary and secondary schools are now being investigated for their alleged mishandling of sexual assault allegations — 2.5 times the number a year ago. Zaccardo says attitudes need to be adjusted when kids are young. "It starts to be part of your culture," he says. "So by the time you get to college, it's second nature, it's already hardwired into our brain." "Absolutely, college is just way too late," says Paul Schewe, a professor at the University of Illinois, Chicago who studies violence prevention. Even within high school, he says, programs are less effective each passing year. What works well on ninth-graders, for example, has only one-third the impact on 12th-graders. "It just makes sense when kids go through puberty, that's when their ideas about sex and beliefs and behaviors are forming, so that's really a critical period," Schewe says. The conversation really should start even younger, he says. Indeed, Kate Rohdenburg, who runs a violence prevention program for a group called WISE in Vermont and New Hampshire, says even 5and 6-year-olds can be taught basic principles of boundaries and autonomy. "Of course, we're not saying the word 'autonomous' to kindergartners," she explains. "But we talk about who here likes hugs, and some kids raise their hand and some don't. Well, how are we supposed to know if this person wants a hug when they're feeling sad or not? And kindergartners will tell you that you should ask them." Educating Everyone A growing number of states are now mandating some sort of education around sexual assault in public schools. Nine passed new laws in the past year and a half, bringing the total to about 25. Nationally, a law encourages it — but does not mandate. "I would like it to move more over into 'you have to do it,' " says the law's co-sponsor, Tim Kaine, a Virginia senator and the Democratic vice-presidential nominee. "Look, there's traditional skittishness about sex ed in the K-12 system." Kevin Fox, a former Massachusetts high school counselor, says he was forced to resign after criticizing his school's handling of sexual assault allegations. "I think schools, in dealing with situations like this, are probably where colleges were 10 to 15 years ago," Fox says. He argues that high schools are not only missing the best window of opportunity to curb the problem, but by failing to act, they are actually exacerbating it.

====Sexual violence outweighs every impact on timeframe, probability, and magnitude:

1. Timeframe: every ninety-eight seconds

2. Probability: 100%

3. Magnitude: millions ==== Vagianos 17 [Alanna: Women's Editor at HuffPost, "30 Alarming Statistics That Show The Reality Of Sexual Violence In America," April 6, 2017, HuffingtonPost, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sexual-assault-statistics_us_58e24c14e4b0c777f788d24f // emb]. Every 98 seconds someone in the U.S. is sexually assaulted. That AND sexual violence and abuse cost the U.S. in 2008 alone.

Poverty, teen pregnancy, and AOUME are clearly linked – intervention is necessary to provide alternative opportunities for low-income students
Kempner 12 [Martha: writer, consultant, and sexual health expert, former Vice President for Information and Communications at SIECUS, "Teen Birth Rates on the Decline: Using Logic and Data to Figure Out Why," Rewire, April 20, 2012 http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2012/04/20/teen-birth-rates-on-decline-using-logic-and-data-to-figure-out-why/ // emb] For years there has been a lot of attention paid to the poor outcomes that AND need to protect that opportunity. Absent that opportunity what are they protecting?"

Poverty intersects with other identities – generates significant disparities in health and exacerbates rampant inequalities
Schalet et al, 08-09-2014 (Amy T. Schalet is anassociate Professor of Sociology at the University of Massachusetts, John S. Santelli is a Professor of Population and Family Health at the Columbia University, Stephen T. Russell Ph.D., Carolyn T. Halpern PhD, Sarah A. Miller, Sarah S. Pickering, Shoshana K. Goldberg, Jennifer M. Hoenig, "Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States," Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2014, Volume 43, Issue 10, pp. 1595–1610) //PH Poverty intersects with individual and structural characteristics to generate significant health disparities, the cumulative AND an obstacle to socioeconomic achievement (Ramirez-Valles et al. 2002).

Current sex education relies on gendered social scripts that foster violent hegemonic masculinity in boys while rendering girls vulnerable and without agency
Fields 08 – Professor of Sociology and Graduate Studies Coordinator in Sexuality Studies and Research Faculty at the Center for Research and Education on Gender and Sexuality (Jessica Fields, "Risky Lessons: Sex Education and Social Inequality," Rutgers University Press, 2008. EP.)//SH Natural and Social: Dis/Embodied Sexuality The consequences of these silencing and obscuring AND ways young people learn about, discuss, and experience their sexual lives.

====Heteronormativity causes depression, drug use, suicide and low GPA's among LGBTQ+ students; this feeds into a politics of resiliency, in which LGBTQ+ youth are expected to endure through these hardships without aid==== Elia and Eliason '10 (John P. Elia, Mickey J. Eliason, Department of Health Education @ San Francisco State University, 2010, "Dangerous Omissions: Abstinence-Only-Until Marriage School-Based Sexuality Education and the Betrayal of LGBTQ Youth", American Journal of Sexuality Education, 5:17, Routledge) //Isaac-A The risk factors cannot be ignored because a significant minority of LGBTQ youth suffer terribly AND and resiliency, see Fisher, 2009, pp. 71–74).

*US public sex education mutes nonwhite, disabled, and non-heterosexual students
Fields 08 – Professor of Sociology and Graduate Studies Coordinator in Sexuality Studies and Research Faculty at the Center for Research and Education on Gender and Sexuality (Jessica Fields, "Risky Lessons: Sex Education and Social Inequality," Rutgers University Press, 2008. EP.)//SH Normative Bodies Even as students follow the thin, straight lines from complicated terms ( AND remained invisible, while heterosexuality renewed its claim to being normal and natural.

And historically, US sex education has reinforced hegemonic forms of heteronormativity, racism, classism, and ableism.
Elia and Tokunaga, 2015 [John P. Elia, Jessica Tokunaga, (2015) "Sexuality education: implications for health, equity, and social justice in the United States", Health Education, Vol. 115 Issue: 1, pp.105-120, https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/10.1108/HE-01-2014-0001. SPS] The various sexual health and sexuality education programs used currently in schools tend to emphasize AND do not disaggregate this group enough to be helpful (Tepper, 2005).

*Without an emphasis on race and gender, education reform is inevitably worse for women and criminalizes victims of sexual abuse.
Bates 16 – Laura Bates, founder of the Everyday Sexism Project, a collection of more than 80,000 women's daily experiences of gender inequality, 2016 ("Sexism in schools is real – how can the Department for Education deny it?" March 31^^st^^, The Guardian, Available Online At https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/mar/31/sexism-schools-department-of-education-deny-sexist-bullying, Accessed 6-26-2017) Instead of red, white and blue streamers, the room was festooned with art AND women. We must hold ourselves accountable to ending patriarchy and systemic racism.

Current sex ed promotes slut-shaming, disempowerment, stigmatization, internal shame, risk taking behaviors, and rape culture
Rachel Sanoff; 2015; Rachel Sanoff is a regular contributor to Bustle and an editor at HelloGiggles. Rachel's articles frequently discuss sexual health, reproductive rights, consent activism, and dating/relationships. Received BA in English + Labor Studies from UCLA; Bustle; "7 Problems With The State Of Sex Ed In America Today, And How We Can Make It Better;" August 27^^th^^, 2015; https://www.bustle.com/articles/104233-7-problems-with-the-state-of-sex-ed-in-america-today-and-how-we-can-make //EK Recently, John Oliver's Last Week Tonight, delivered a hilarious and biting segment effectively AND is meant to teach young women not to talk too much. Seriously.

Plan sets seven minimum standards for K-12 sexuality education
Bechhofer et. al. 2011, Laurie Bechhofer, MPH is an HIV/STD Education Consultant at the Michigan Department of Education, Nora Gelperin, Med is the Director of Training, Eva Goldfarb, PhD, LHD (hon) is a Professor at Montclair State University, Mal Goldsmith, PhD, MCHES, FASHA, FAAHE is a Professor Emeritus at Southern Illinois University, Debra Hauser, MPH is the Executive Vice President for the Advocates for Youth, Nora L. Howley, MA is the Manager of Programs for the National Education Association Health Information department, Barbara Huberman, RN, BSN, Med is the Director of Education and Outreach for the Advocates for Youth, Leslie M. Kantor, MPH is the Director of National Education Initiatives for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Kyle Lafferty, MPH, MST, CHES is the HIV Program Director for The Society of State Leaders of Health and Physical, Robert McGarry, EdD is the Director of Training and Curriculum Development for the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN), Linda Moore is the Acting Executive Director for the American Association for Health Education, Linda Morse, RN, NJ-CSN, MA, CHES is the President Elect for the American School Health Association, Buzz Pruitt, EdD is a Professor for Texas A&M University, Monica Rodriguez, MS is the President & CEO for Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United, Deborah Roffman, MS, CSE is the Sexuality Educator and Consultant for The Park School of Baltimore, Elizabeth Schroeder, EdD, MSW is the Executive Director, Jennifer Heitel Yakush is the Director of Public Policy for the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United, Danene Sorace, MPP is a Consultant for the Future of Sex Education Initiative, ("National Sexuality Education Standards" Future of Sex Education 2011 http://www.futureofsexeducation.org/documents/josh-fose-standards-web.pdf)// NBC There are seven topics chosen as the minimum, essential content and skills for K AND growing awareness, creation and maintenance of safe school environments for all students.

Federally mandated comprehensive sex education is the only way to solve
The alternative method is comprehensive sexual education. Comprehensive sexual education can cover birth control AND accurate representation of sex, sex education, and reproduction to our youth.
 * Isham 16** Tristan Isham, 11-8-2016, "Sex Education in America – The Annotation," Annotation, https://theannotation.com/sex-education-in-america-814086869db4

Sex education must be taught early to prevent development of risky behaviors and dangerous situations
Some teachers feared that, due to childhood innocence, children would not grasp the AND rather than increase sexual activity (Kirby, Laris, and Rolleri 2007).
 * Riley 13** Tasha Riley, "Into the community and not on the shelf: learning to develop a meaningful HIV/AIDS curriculum for multiple communities," Griffith Institute for Educational Research, 8-6-13. EP.

Preventing teen pregnancy is fundamental to increasing the prospect of upward mobility for low-income girls – data supports it
Hymowitz 12 [Kay S.: William E. Simon Fellow at the Manhattan Institute and a contributing editor of City Journal. She writes extensively on childhood, family issues, poverty, and cultural change in America. "Poor girls aren't condemned to pregnancy, poverty," CNN, May 25, 2012, http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/24/opinion/hymowitz-teen-pregnancy-poverty/index.html // emb] Kearney and Levine poke this story full of some well-deserved holes. Comparing AND think they're going to be losers whether they have a baby or not.

You should prioritize structural forms of violence in your impact calculus
DWiveldi 14' Shishir Dwivedi September 24, 2014 (Shishir is a JAVA programmer. Sights Dr. Paul Farmer who is an American anthropologist and physician who is best known for his humanitarian work providing suitable health care to rural and under-resourced areas in developing countries, beginning in Haiti. "What is structural violence, and how does it impact your life?" URL: https://www.quora.com/What-is-structural-violence-and-how-does-it-impact-your-life) Structural violence refers to systematic ways in which social structures harm or otherwise disadvantage individuals AND document). For More info-graphics you can always refer to structural violence

=__ Reignbow Aff __=

Part 1: Rainbows are just refracted white light.
====To be queer in the US is to be caught in a catch-22: either engage in appropriate queer behavior or to be the subject to violence. Knowing you are not appropriately queer is to know that you are safe nowhere, it is to realize, as so many queer people have before you, that you do not own your body because at any given moment it can be taken from you.====


 * Pensis 16** [Evan R. "Fugitive Faggotry: Queer Rage and the Limitations of Equality." Ethnomusicology Review. N.p., 10 Nov. 2016. Web.]

1. To be gunned down in a club while sipping the drink that was

AND

bodies become amendments to a grandstanding list of wrongs-turned-rights.


 * ====This is especially true in the academic arena. Queerness is only tolerated as it is understood by the privileged – protections only apply to those who fill their role.====**


 * Fox 07** [Catherine. "From Transaction to Transformation:(En) Countering White Heteronormativity in" Safe Spaces"." College English 69.5 (2007): 496-511.]

During a post-panel conversation about the presence of LGBT issues in text books

AND

simply connotes 'gay,' 'white,' and 'male'" (12).

This violent social system determines the meaning individuals assign to themselves – antiqueerness leads to the suppression of the queer soul.

 * Yep et al., 2003** [Lovaas, and Elia, Professors @ San Francisco University, Gust, Karen, and John, Journal of Homosexual Studies, Vol. 45, No. 2/3/4,, pp. 21-22]//JCE

These are the internal injuries that individuals inflict upon themselves. Very early in life

AND

and others, of the heteronormative mandate a widespread form of soul murder?

The queer body is constantly forced into life as overkill – this is the naturalization of antiqueerness that perpetuates violence that renders queerness inherently dead.

 * Stanley 2011** [Eric, "Near Life, Queer Death Overkill and Ontological Capture," Social Text 107 s Vol. 29, No. 2 s Summer 2011]

Overkill is a term used to indicate such excessive violence that it pushes a body

AND

, what it must mean, to do violence to what is nothing.

Safe spaces prove that restrictions on speech for the queer only protect those seen as appropriate and who fit the model.

 * Fox 2** [Catherine. "From Transaction to Transformation:(En) Countering White Heteronormativity in" Safe Spaces"." College English 69.5 (2007): 496-511.]

These elisions and tensions are equally present in our departmental practices of posting safe-

AND

as the "subjects" of those spaces (more on this below).

Limiting speech in schools will likely be designed and controlled by white, cis, neo-liberal so-called allies. This allows for the policing of "unacceptable" queer identities.

 * Fox 3** [Catherine. "From Transaction to Transformation:(En) Countering White Heteronormativity in" Safe Spaces"." College English 69.5 (2007): 496-511.]

Sexuality, as a regime of truth, is partly constructed through a hetero/

AND

, but a radical interrogation of the performance and normalization of white heterosexuality.

Rage can take many forms and attempts to delimit it are attempts to destroy subjectivity.

 * Barnard 2** [Ian. "Fuck community or Why I support gay bashing." States of rage: Emotional eruption, violence, and social change (1996): 74-88.]

The other element in my contradiction is the discomforting multiplicity in queer, the difference

AND

the repository for my rage. Don't try to pin down my rage."

Rage is also a necessary protection for fugitive bodies that says "I'm mad as hell, and I'm not going to take it anymore. I deserve to be able to survive".

 * Pensis 2** [Evan R. "Fugitive Faggotry: Queer Rage and the Limitations of Equality." Ethnomusicology Review. N.p., 10 Nov. 2016. Web.]

3. In this unbridled queer rage, I refuse to treat this violence as

AND

less important than the murder of one when you fiercely love them all.

====Our rage calls on past eras of liberation and continues to build upon movements like ACT UP and QUEER NATION. The 1AC brings back the flame of a dying movement extinguished by political passivity and a seduction by the elites.====


 * Murphy 16** [Tim. "Queer Rage in the Era of Facebook." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 02 Aug. 2016. Web. 07 Apr. 2017.]

Moreover, I thought, perhaps the queer community would never again face a crisis

AND

acts of defiance more frequent―and more powerful―than ever before.

Part three: Somewhere over the rainbow there's a pot of Goldman Sachs
====The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best creates space for the formation of subjective identity as it relates to the regulation of education. Without a counter-methodology, the 1NC will necessarily fail as per the arguments in part one that describe the status quo. If they fail to produce this methodology, they are only saying that me and people like me do not deserve access to the debate space or a life free from violence, and that itself constitutes harassment towards bodies like mine. The role of the judge is to be professionally unprofessional.====


 * Strouse 15** [A. W. "Getting Medieval on Graduate Education Queering Academic Professionalism." Pedagogy 15.1 (2015): 119-138.]

We might note, also, that Grote's misogyny existed, properly speak­ing, before

AND

norms, we might invite students to develop their own values and goals.

====The traditional framework of policy debate assumes that discourse is a neutral medium through which thoughts are transmitted. This whitewashes the fact that discourses are produced such that they define what can and cannot be said through a violent process of control and exclusion====

Roland Bleiker, "Forget IR Theory," Alternatives; 1997

The doorkeepers of IR are those who, knowingly or unknowingly, make sure that

AND

false propositions based on the standards of evaluation it established to assess them.

We refuse the binary state good bad debate and instead understand that different people form their identities differently-the 1AC is an act allowance for a multiplicity of subjectivities.

 * Muñoz 99** [José Esteban. Disidentifications: Queers of color and the performance of politics. Vol. 2. U of Minnesota Press, P. 10-12. 1999. Professor of Performance arts at NYU]

The theory of disidentification that I am offering is meant to contribute to an understanding

AND

works to hold on to this object and invest it with new life. = = =__**Poetry 1AC**__=

I realized my body was not mine when my classmate was sent home for wearing nail polish. You dare say he was asking for the black eye. code //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">lo estaba pidiendo // code You dare say he’s a boy and can’t wear black nail polish. Do his nail beds reject the pigment? Do the chemicals irritate his skin? Does it cause him to hate his mother? Does it make his disease worse? You say do it at home. code code //no lo hagas público// Except at home, his sisters think he’s a girl. At home, his mother sends him to bible study` to pray the gay away code //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">la consistencia de la iglesia para predicar su ética // code his father can’t even make eye contact with him. // Escucha tu joteria // You say he must wait until he’s older and can leave home. code //<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">el niño estará bien, deja de preocuparte // code You say the problems will go away when he’s an adult. The echoes of the 49 victims of the pulse night club shooting say otherwise! The dead voices of Luis Vielma and Frank Hernandez bounce off of the lit up walls of a silent party. Can you hear them echoing? Their souls were //not// but only of the queer variation Their souls embraced the spectrum of color Color of the flesh // El color de la carne // // Muerte de la carne is what ensued // // Death of the flesh // // Translated* // // The day I realized my body was not mine was the // // day my classmate was sent home for wearing nail polish. // // You dare say he was asking for the black eye. // // He was asking for it // // You dare say he's a boy and can not wear black nail polish. // // Do his nail beds reject the pigment? // // Do the chemicals irritate his skin? // // Does it cause him to hate his mother? // // Does it make his disease worse? // // You say do it at home. // // Don’t do it in public // // Except at home, // // his sisters think he's a girl. // // At home, // // his mother sends him to bible study` // // to pray the gay away // // the consistency of the church to preach its ethics // // his father can not even make eye contact with him. // // Listen to your bullshit // // You say he must // // wait until he's older and can leave home. // // the child will be fine, stop worrying // // You say the problems will go away when he's an adult. // // The echoes of the 49 victims of the pulse night club shooting // // say otherwise! The dead voices of Luis Vielma and Frank Hernandez bounce off of the lit up walls of a silent party. // // Can you hear it echoing? // // Their souls were not but only of the queer variation // // Their souls embraced the spectrum of color // // Color of the flesh // // The color of the flesh // // Death of the flesh is what ensued // // Death of the flesh //

Queer Theory as it stands does not sufficiently recognize the intersections of race and class—little focus on materiality and the perspectives of PoC

 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Johnson ’10 **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"> (E. Patrick Johnson is the Carlos Montezuma Professor of Performance Studies and African American Studies at Northwestern University. A scholar, artist, and activist, Johnson has performed nationally and internationally and has published widely in the area of race, gender, sexuality and performance; “’Quare’ studies, or (almost) everything I know about queer studies I learned from my grandmother”; Text and Performance Quarterly; Volume 21, Issue 1; Publisher: Routledge; Published online: 05 Nov 2010; pages 4-5) GFD
 * __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">At a moment when queer studies has gained momentum in the academy and forged a __**
 * __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">AND __**
 * __<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">most often white queer theorists fail to acknowledge and address racial privilege __****__<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">. __**<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">7

====This violence is magnified through the queer body. To be queer in the US is to be caught in a catch-22: either engage in appropriate queer behavior or to be the subject to violence. Knowing you are not appropriately queer is to know that you are safe nowhere, it is to realize, as so many queer people have before you, that you do not own your body because at any given moment it can be taken from you.==== Pensis 16 [Evan R. "Fugitive Faggotry: Queer Rage and the Limitations of Equality." Ethnomusicology Review. N.p., 10 Nov. 2016. Web.] AND
 * __1. To be gunned down in a club__****__while__** sipping the drink that was
 * __bodies become__** amendments to **__a__** grandstanding **__list of wrongs__** -turned-rights.

====“Queer” erases the ethnic and racial ties that people have – ends up denying difference. Thus, the affirmative advocates for an interrogation of whitewashed hierarchies and classist epistemologies within queer theory.==== Gamson, Professor of sociology at University of San Francisco, 1995 (Joshua, “Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma” from the book Social Perspectives in Lesbian & Gay Studies: A Reader, republished in 1998. pp. 593-594, JAR) In the hands of many letter writers, in fact, //**__queer__**// **__becomes simply__**
 * __AND__**
 * __identity category often restates tensions between sameness and difference in a different language.__**

// This is ////especially//// true in the academic arena. Queerness is ////only//// tolerated as it is understood by the ////privileged//// – protections only apply to those who fill their role. //
Fox 07 [Catherine. "From Transaction to Transformation:(En) Countering White Heteronormativity in" Safe Spaces"." College English 69.5 (2007): 496-511.] During a post-panel conversation about the presence of LGBT issues in text books AND
 * __simply connotes 'gay,' 'white,' and 'male'"__** (12 **__).__**

Safe spaces prove that restrictions on speech for the queer only protect those seen as appropriate and who fit the model.
Fox 2 [Catherine. "From Transaction to Transformation:(En) Countering White Heteronormativity in" Safe Spaces"." College English 69.5 (2007): 496-511.]
 * __These elisions and tensions are equally present in our departmental practices of posting safe-__**
 * __AND__**
 * __as the "subjects" of those spaces__** (more on this below).

====The traditional framework of policy debate assumes that discourse is a neutral medium through which thoughts are transmitted. This whitewashes the fact that discourses are produced such that they define what can and cannot be said through a violent process of control and exclusion==== <span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Roland **Bleiker**, “Forget IR Theory,” //Alternatives//; **1997**
 * __<span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Discourses __**<span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt;">, in a Foucaultian sense, **__are subtle__ __mechanisms that frame our thinking process__**
 * __<span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt;">AND __**
 * __<span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt;">false __****<span style="font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> __propositions based on the standards of evaluation it established to assess them.__ **

__Participation as resistance compels us to expand the category of political participation. Whereas traditional__ __AND__ how power relationships are "not altogether successful in shaping universal acquiescence." "
 * Only by performativity addressing microaggressions can we solve broader power relations **
 * Kulynych 97** (Jessica J. Kulynych, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Winthrop University, 1997, “Performing Politics: Foucault, Habermas, and Postmodern Participation,” Polity, DS)

Our performance of poetry solves– it functions to dismantle institutions of authority controlled by the white gaze. Poetry disavows traditional logic and deconstructs hegemonic institutions of power.
Yet it is through contradiction that William Blake is able to deconstruct the powers of AND us to do the same to the **__ institutions of authority within our time. __**
 * Paist’15 ** (Katherine, Creative writing major at Georgia State, “The Poetics of Resistance: The Functions of Poetry in the Critique of Capitalism”, [], pg. 4-6)//AC

====The path to social change lies in the power of our performance of poetry. Spoken word reclaims what has been stripped from us – our political agency. We speak from our social location which enables a type of dialogue that allows us to be more self-aware of what course of action is needed.==== **__<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Social change and activism are deeply rooted in __**<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">rich histories of art, and students <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: baseline;">AND **__<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">specifically a highly beneficial tool __**<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">that more students should embrace **__<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">when considering activism. __**
 * Yandoli’12 ** (Krystie, writer and journalist for “The Blog”, “Poetry Is an Effective Form of Social Change on Campuses”, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/krystie-yandoli/poetry-is-an-effective-fo_b_2021378.html)//AC

====This debate round is our stage, we hold the mic and echo agency, but not to worry – the performance does not stay here, but rather spills outside this round. The show will go on! Our poetry will influence public opinion, to create the movement, and put pressure on institutions==== **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">Adewuyi’14 **<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">(Yemi, writer for “The Chronicle”, “Sandbox: When Poetry and Politics Collide”, http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2014/06/sandbox-when-poetry-and-politics-collide)//AC <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: baseline;">In fact, I used to have a fairly strong aversion to the term “ <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; vertical-align: baseline;">AND <span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">, **__<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif;">spoken word is more than an art form—it is advocacy. __**